Supreme Court Rules on Fed Independence and Trump Powers: A Twin Ruling on June 29, 2026
On June 29, 2026, the Supreme Court issued two rulings that together overturned 91 years of precedent protecting independent agencies from presidential removal, while explicitly shielding the Federal Reserve as a unique historical exception rooted in the tradition of the First and Second Banks of the United States. The FTC, SEC, FCC, NLRB, EEOC, and CFPB now operate under a constitutional backdrop that treats their for-cause removal protections as suspect, while the Fed's governors retain statutory protection pending unresolved merits litigation. The practical result is a near-complete victory for the unitary-executive theory of Article II, with the Fed preserved not as a model for other agencies but as a bespoke outlier the Court declined to sweep away.